Carthage was founded by phoenicians coming from the levant. Excavations at ras shamra ancient ugarit in syria in 1929 revealed phoenician documents supporting much of sanchuniathons information on phoenician mythology and religious beliefs. And thus we have those documents relating to the mythology and history of the phoenicians from the fourth hand. Work as a group to examine the documents and answer the related questions below. The phoenicians and the 7th empire page 4 of 45 in both cases it is a horned sheep.
They carried their knowledge from the mediterranean sea to the west. The phoenicians inhabit the region of modern lebanon and syria from about 3000 bc see palestine and phoenicia. The phoenician alphabet in archaeology biblical archaeology. This famous tyrian cloth, named after their city of tyre, was one of the most popular phoenician exports.
All information about him is derived from the works of philo of byblos flourished ad 100. Phoenician history is the oldest document of human. Sanchoniathon makes mention of a history which he once wrote upon the worship of the serpent. Sanchuniathon ancient phoenician writer britannica. With the exception of byblos, which had been a flourishing center from at least the third millennium b. Herodotus describes a phoenician voyage herodotus describes a voyage undertaken by the phoenicians.
This lesson plan uses a video lesson to explain the origins and contributions of the ancient phoenician culture. Being that they were located between the two great ancient. Herodotus describes a phoenician voyage herodotus describes a voyage undertaken by. Confined to a narrow coastal strip with limited agricultural resources, maritime trade was a natural development. Because they left so few written records of their own achievements, their history has been pieced together from records of all the other nations with which they came in contact, either through trade or through battle. Furthermore it is particularly valuable because its author, sanchuniathon, was a free man who did not hesitate to denounce myths. Two groupsthe phoenicians and the hebrewssettled in canaan and formed small kingdoms. The phoenicians and the west politics, colonies and trade second edition this is an updated and expanded version of maria eugenia aubets highly praised book, the phoenicians and the west. They were a big influence on the alphabet that we use today. All of this occurred, more or less, in the centuries just before the trojan war continuing throughout a dark age in greek history. While the annihilation of carthage and absorption of the levant put an end to phoenician civilization, vestiges of the phoenicians still remained, particularly their. The phoenicians are so under rated by many teachers, but then again most of the teachers never studied phoencian history or culture.
Throughout history, trade has intentionally and unintentionally transformed civilizations. Great for new teachers, student teachers, homeschooling and teachers who like creative ways to teach. The phoenicians were famed in classical greece and rome as traders in purple, referring to their monopoly on the precious purple dye of the mrex snail, used, among other things, for royal clothing, and for their spread of the alphabet, upon which all major modern alphabets are derived. Sep 12, 2017 josephine quinn is associate professor in ancient history at the university of oxford. Scripturesherodotus cites phoenicia as the birthplace of the alphabet, stating that it was brought to greece by the phoenician kadmus sometime before the 8th century bce and that, prior to that, the greeks had no alphabet. The phoenician empire met its final decline in 332 b. History of the phoenicians after the decline of the egyptian civilization, phoenician citystates rose to power and became the dominant seafaring traders of the mediterranean sea.
The question is designed to test your ability to work with historical documents. The phoenicians like the carthenagens and the socalled egyptians were like all the other indigenous people of that era from the continent of cush or kermet. In fact, phoenician history contained in his book is the oldest noncoded document of the western worlds historical archives. Bc to offer serious resistance to alexander the great, who took tyre only after a long and hard siege 333332 bc. Phoenicians qfiles the online library of knowledge. Ila, 11b, iic, va, viib environmental education framework. The phoenicians were well advanced in the art of seafaring and trading. The phoenicians history of the phoenicians documentary. Then think about how these two accounts share a common theme. Classical and biblical records identifying the phoenicians. If you are willing to make the sacrifices and do the rituals, youre in. Before the reader examines the extracts mentioned herewith, four important icons of knowledge need to be made known to the average reader of history who may not be familiar with them. The phoenicians, however, as regards io, vary from the persian statements.
Descriptions of the phoenicians as you read think about the different types of information the two historians give. The name bible, or the book, also derives from byblos. They are also the first people to establish a large colonial network based on seafaring. Daniel 8 uses the twohorns to depict the fact that the mediapersian empire was an empire formed from the cooperation of two. They also wove fine wool and linen, which they dyed with a reddishpurple dye made from the crushed shells a local type of sea snail, called murex.
Phoenicia was located between the eastern mediterranean coast and the lebanon mountains ii. It was a variant of the semitic alphabet of the canaanite area developed centuries earlier in the sinai region, or in central egypt. One of the rare exceptions in the englishspeaking world was miriam balmuth, whose work on archaeology and numismatics regularly analyzed the phoenician contribution to the history of sardinia. The history of phoenicia download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi. The phoenicians imported so much papyrus from egypt that the greeks used their name for the first great phoenician port, byblos, to refer to the ancient paper. Click download or read online button to get the history of phoenicia book now. The history and archaeology of phoenicia download ebook. History and archaeology show us phoenician interactions with other societies had a significant impact on the ancient mediterranean region after the time of their origin. Which led to trading and helping as well as colonising with many nations that surrounded them as well with those nations that were outside. As egyptian and near eastern documents record, the late bronze age ca. Through these peaceful activities, they made important contributions to later civilizations. Phoenician history is a fundamental document of human culture, and the surviving fragments of it were almost lost had it not been for eusebius. Afterall, the bible talks at length about how their people kept falling away from yhwh to worship canaanite gods. Phoenician arts purple of tyre and cedar of lebanon builders seafarers first alphabet but where are the phoenician writers.
The histories 3 5 such is the account which the persians give of these matters. The phoenicians are credited with spreading the phoenician alphabet throughout the mediterranean world. Phoenicia became a separate province around the third century c. To navigate the timeline, click and drag it with your mouse, or click on the timeline overview on the bottom. Because they left so few written records of their own achievements, their history has been pieced together from records of all the other nations with which they came in. Bc the greeks gave the new appellation phoenicians to those canaanites who. They dont care who you are, just what you believe in your heart. Sanford holst, used here with permission the greeks adopted this phoenician alphabet, and added vowels to it. You could save the soft documents of this publication the phoenicians and the west. The history of phoenicia download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl. The phoenicians were a great maritime people, known for their mighty ships adorned with horses heads in honor of their god of the sea, yamm, the brother.
Phoenicians by drawing perceived needs and values on coats ofarms, they also compare the natural resource impact of the settlers with their own. List of books and articles about phoenician history online. The phoenicians made important contributions in terms of thought process, as well as social development and the production of material goods, which we can see in the following examples. What natural resource available in phoenicia made it possible for such ships to be built. The feet represented the most distant future period. The head was the earliest and most ancient period covered in the statue. List of books and articles about phoenician history. They also credited the phoenicians with the spread throughout the mediterranean of all sorts of crafts and skills, in addition to the use of letters and writing. The phoenicians made beautiful glass items, such as beads and vases, from sand. The phoenicians are a group of traders known for their enormous role in the world today. The citys name in phoenician language means new city. These people were canaanites see canaan, and in the 9th cent.
Each of the previous periods of history parts of the body were composed of only a single substance indicating the. This was the origin of the phoenicians and their society. Dec 06, 2016 in this edition of ancient world history, we are going to take you through a journey where you can learn about the history of the phoenicians i. Herodotuss story of the foundation of greek thebes by the tyrian prince cadmus may be more myth than history, but the detail about the alphabet is true. Phoenicia was an ancient civilization composed of independent citystates located along the coast of the mediterranean sea stretching through what is now syria, lebanon and northern israel. Ethnic origin, language and literature of the phoenicians. Phoenicians sealed there documents with a cylinder seal. They trace to the attack upon troy their ancient enmity towards the greeks. Each group was interested in trade and in learning.
Politics, colonies and trade, by maria eugenia aubet. The name phoenicia also appears as phenice and phenicia. The phoenicians and the west politics, colonies and trade. Histories of phoenicia or of the phoenicians were written towards the middle of the present century by movers and kenrick.
The history and archaeology of phoenicia download ebook pdf. There is a tradition in some ancient sources, such as philistos of syracuse, for an early foundation date of around 1215 bc that is before the fall of troy in 1180 bc. Canaanite heritage sea peoples rise of the phoenician cities tyre, the jewel of cities phoenicians abroad armies from the east and then the greeks carthage carthage versus rome cultural history. Her research focuses on the ancient mediterranean world, and her new book in search of the phoenicians princeton univ. Today, spencer wells says, phoenicians have become ghosts, a vanished civilization. She codirects the tunisianbritish excavations at utica tunisia and the oxford centre for phoenician. The individuality of the phoenicians was dwindling, and with the rise of greek naval and maritime power the importance of the phoenicians disappeared. The phoenician alphabet was recovered in the 17th century, but its relation to the phoenicians remained unknown until the 19th century. Free printable outline for world history scroll down for pdf file to print ancient near east i. It was concentrated along the coastal areas of modern lebanon and included parts of what are now northern israel and. History of the ancient phoenicians printable outline. Document analysis this question is based on the accompanying documents 17. According to philo, sanchuniathon derived the sacred lore from inscriptions on the ammouneis i.
They become the greatest traders and the best sailors and navigators of the preclassical world. Some of the documents have been edited for the purpose of the question. In this edition of ancient world history, we are going to take you through a journey where you can learn about the history of the phoenicians i. Who were the phoenicians and how did their culture leave a mark on history. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets.
Our first examples of the phoenician alphabettechnically an abjad, containing only consonantsappear around the 11th. Chapter focus read to discover how trade helped the phoenicians and the hebrews build their civilizations. I just got out of a class with the art institute, and he was telling us about the phoenician alphabet. Excavations at ras shamra ancient ugarit in syria in 1929 revealed phoenician documents supporting much of sanchuniathons information on phoenician mythology and. Click download or read online button to get the history and archaeology of phoenicia book now.
Between the eighth and sixth centuries bc, the phoenicians estab. Corinthians adopt the trireme from the phoenicians. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading the phoenicians. The phoenicians were a great maritime people, known for their mighty ships adorned with horses heads in honor of their god of the sea, yamm, the brother of mot, the god of death. The history and culture of one of the ancient worlds most influential civilizations. World history teacher notes for the georgia standards of excellence in social studies georgia department of education 5. The phoenicians were a trading people who came from the eastern part of the mediterranean sea. It was at first believed that the script was a direct variation of egyptian hieroglyphs, 16 which were deciphered in the early 19th century. The title of this work, according to eusebius, was ethothion, or ethothia. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want.
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